1. Introduction to Mammography
Mammography is a medical technique that uses X-rays to produce detailed images of breast tissue, aiding in the early detection of breast cancer and other abnormalities. It is one of the essential screening methods recommended by leading health organizations worldwide.
This method began to develop in the mid-20th century when scientists recognized the importance of using X-rays in medicine to examine soft tissues like the breast. With advancements in technology, mammography has significantly improved in accuracy, safety, and early disease detection, thereby playing a crucial role in reducing breast cancer mortality rates.
Breast cancer screening is a vital step not only in protecting individual health but also in raising community awareness about disease prevention. Regular mammograms are the best way to ensure that any issues are detected and treated promptly.
How Mammography Works
Mammography works based on the principle of using X-rays to capture detailed images of breast tissue. The X-rays pass through the breast tissue and are recorded on a film or digital sensor, creating an image that helps doctors detect tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities.
Types of Mammography Today
Traditional Mammography: This method uses X-ray films to capture images. However, with the advancement of technology, traditional mammography is gradually being replaced by digital techniques.
Digital Mammography (2D or 3D): This method uses digital sensors to capture images, improving image quality and detection capabilities. 3D imaging allows doctors to observe the breast tissue more clearly, especially in women with dense breast tissue.
The mammography procedure
The mammography process typically includes the following steps:
The patient will be asked to stand in front of the mammography machine.
The breast tissue is gently compressed between two plates of glass to flatten and stabilize it, allowing the X-rays to pass through evenly.
The machine will capture images from different angles.
The procedure usually takes only 10 to 15 minutes.
Although this process may cause some discomfort, breast compression is necessary to minimize errors and ensure high-quality images.
2. Who Should Undergo Mammography?
Recommended Candidates
Women aged 40 and above: According to the American Cancer Society, women in this age group should begin regular mammograms, either annually or every two years.
Individuals with a family history of breast cancer: Those whose mother, sister, or daughter has had breast cancer are considered high-risk.
Individuals with abnormal breast symptoms: This includes unusual pain, lumps, or changes in the shape and size of the breasts.
Age and Risk Factors
In addition to age, genetic predisposition, prolonged hormone therapy, obesity, and a lack of physical activity are significant contributors to disease risk. Evaluating your individual risk factors and seeking medical advice will guide you towards appropriate choices.
The importance of family
Families play a crucial role in encouraging and supporting women to undergo screening. They not only help provide medical history information but also facilitate women in arranging time for self-care.
3. Benefits of mammography
Early detection of breast cancer
Mammography has the ability to detect tumors at a very early stage, before they can be felt by hand. This increases the chances of successful treatment and reduces the risk of serious complications.
Reduce breast cancer mortality rate
According to studies, regular screening with mammography has helped reduce the death rate from breast cancer by up to 25-30% in women aged 40 and over.
Raise breast health awareness
Mammography not only helps detect the disease but also raises women's awareness of self-care and health protection.
4. Things to note before a mammogram
Mental preparation
Understanding the procedure will help you feel more comfortable. Stay calm and trust the medical team.
Information to be provided
Please provide complete information about your medical history, menstrual cycle, or any abnormal symptoms so that the doctor can have a more comprehensive view.
Taboos
Avoid using cosmetics, moisturizers, or deodorants on the underarms and breasts before the examination, as they can interfere with the image.
5. Risks and limitations of mammography
Mistakes can happen
False positives and false negatives are common limitations. A false positive can lead to unnecessary anxiety, while a false negative can result in missed diagnoses.
Limitations in accuracy
Mammography can be challenging in individuals with dense breast tissue, often requiring the use of additional imaging techniques.
Exposure to radiation
Although the radiation dose is very low and considered safe, some women still have concerns about the long-term effects of regular mammograms.
6. Other breast cancer screening methods
Breast ultrasound: Using sound waves to create images, suitable for people with dense breast tissue.
Breast MRI: It is applied in cases where detailed examination is needed or in people with very high risk.
Breast clinical examination: A simple but important method, often performed by a specialist.
Mammography is an effective screening method for breast cancer, contributing to women's health and improving quality of life. Regular screening not only helps detect the disease early but also brings peace of mind and the best treatment opportunities. Proactively plan your regular check-ups and encourage those around you to do the same, because health is the most valuable asset we can protect.
